Wednesday, April 18, 2018

Saudi Arabia 2011-2012 Protest Movements

Saudi Arabia has often been criticized for the legislation and action it takes towards its citizens. Although the Arab Spring was not as prominent or problematic in Saudi Arabia it did have a domino effect. A movement that took place in 2011, 2012, and is still occurring in Saudi Arabia, was in response to the Saudi governments discriminatory actions towards the Shia population in the country. The protests were organized by Faisal Ahmed Abdul-Ahad through Facebook. He organized protests to be led on March 11th, that were named ‘Day of Rage.’ The basis of the protests were human rights, the people were unhappy with regime and wanted a change. Many people were angered by the actions taken by the government towards Sheikh Nimr Al-Nimr. Sheikh Nimr Al-Nimr was arrested on no legitimate basis. During his time in jail, he was tortured mercilessly, and was later executed in the 2016 mass execution. The execution of Sheikh Nimr Al- Nimr sparked outrage in all communities within Saudi Arabia.  
The protests took place in front of government buildings in the cities of Riyadh, Ta’if, and Tabuk. People were trying to arrange for the release of prisoners that were being held without probable cause or any valid charge. Organizers of the protesters were trying to argue for the release of prisoners irrespective of their sect, shia and sunni. While there were a lot of protests and even international calls for the release of illegally detained prisoners, it had no effect on the House of Saud.
The protests were not limited to only anti-shia sentiments, the protests that continued in the spring of 2011, May specifically, were also to call for the Peninsula Shield Force, the military of the GCC, to be taken out of Bahrain. During the protests, many protestors were shot dead by Saudi forces for partaking in anti-government protests. With the death toll of protesters rising, more and more protests would pop up. The government issued laws that made protesting illegal and any speech that opposes the government against the law.
In the course of the protests, the movement #Women2Drive also began, recently Prince Khalid bin Salman announced that although guardianship laws will still be in effect, women will be granted the right to drive alone. The movement began when Manal al- Sharif and other Saudi women organized a campaign. Sharif was the first woman arrested as a part of the movement. Following her example, many other women drove cars and some were even sentenced to lashes. These women started the movement that is now liberating women and although there are many restrictions that come with the right to drive, it is a step in the right direction.
Saudi Arabia’s armed forces were quite involved in the protests that took place, fatalities occurred on both sides. One of the reasons why the movements that took place in Saudi Arabia were not successful is because they were not supported by the army. The army plays a central role when it comes to successful movements. The people were not able to get public officers, such as the army or police on their side. Another reason why the movement was not successful is because there is so much media censorship that many of the injustices that were occurring were not known to the international community. While social media was a big part of the movement especially when it came to Sheikh Nimr Al Nimr and his execution. There were protests in retaliation to his execution throughout the Western world, it became one of the worst human rights atrocities committed by the Saudi Arabian government.
The protests that took place during the Arab Spring within Saudi Arabia, were a result of political and economic unrest that the people of Saudi Arabia were tired of dealing with. From anti-shia sentiments, to wrongful imprisonment, and women’s rights a movement of change began during this time. Many issues came to the forefront because people thought that there is a chance for change throughout the Arab world. Although the movements did not bring immediate change to the country and caused many problems as well as deaths, they set the ball in motion for many changes that are occurring in the country today. No movements are successful overnight, and Saudi Arabia is definitely not an exception. Since Saudi Arabia is a more conservative country and a strict follower of Sharia law, change does not occur easily. However, the government is enacting changes slowly so that people are easily accustomed to the change.



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